How do we tell if Fascism is on the rise?  Is there a resurgence or should we talk of continuity?  A new variety or just ‘old wine in a new bottle’?

Some suggested preconditions include

• Industrially advanced economies hard hit by a recessionary slump.
• A discredited left alternative.
• Dissatisfaction with an inefficient or corrupt parliamentary system.
• An end to consensus politics
• Racism provoked by ‘job stealing’ immigrants, refugees and asylum-seekers.
• A respectable right.
• Nostalgia for a strong state.

This page (reproduced below) on Nostalgia and Maladjustment comes from “Introducing Fascism” by Stuart Hood and Litza Jansz, 2013, and they follow this with a check list to determine level of fascism in any group, party or government.